How we support young people affected by bullying – and those who’ve bullied others

Bullying can take many forms. It might involve physical aggression, insults or threats, humiliation, social exclusion, rumours, online harassment or any other kind of repeated behaviour that leaves a young person feeling frightened, intimidated or powerless.

Although bullying often happens at school, it can happen anywhere young people spend time with others. Its effects can also reach far beyond the bullying itself, affecting how a young person feels, behaves and relates to other people.

• Emotional changes | Anxiety, low mood, anger, shame, low self-worth, fear, hopelessness or becoming unusually sensitive to criticism.
• Behavioural changes | Avoiding school or activities, withdrawing from friends, becoming more defensive or changing routines to avoid particular people or places.
• Relationship changes | Finding it harder to trust people, becoming isolated, trying hard to please others or expecting rejection.

For some, the impact can be particularly deep and continue long after the bullying’s ended. They may remain constantly alert for signs that it could happen again or react strongly to situations that remind them of what happened.

There’s no single way someone should respond to bullying. Understanding how the experience has affected that particular young person plays an important role in helping them move forward.

Young people who bully others may often be experiencing difficulties of their own. Some have experienced bullying themselves, and others may be struggling with problems at home, low self-esteem, peer pressure or a need to gain status, control or belonging. However, understanding what’s behind the behaviour doesn’t mean excusing or minimising the harm they’ve caused.